Glaucoma is a serious eye condition that can silently damage your vision, earning it the nickname “the silent thief of sight.” It occurs when the optic nerve, responsible for transmitting visual signals from the eye to the brain, becomes damaged, often due to increased pressure within the eye.
The challenge with this condition is that symptoms may not appear until significant damage has already occurred. Understanding the warning signs and knowing when to seek a specialist is key to preserving your vision and preventing irreversible loss.
What is glaucoma?
Glaucoma refers to a group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve. The two most common types are:
- Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG): This is the most common form, developing gradually and without obvious symptoms in the early stages.
- Angle-closure glaucoma: A less common but more severe form, often presenting suddenly with dramatic symptoms.
Without treatment, this condition can lead to progressive vision loss and, eventually, blindness.
Key warning signs of glaucoma
Peripheral vision loss
One of the earliest signs of primary open-angle glaucoma is the gradual loss of peripheral (side) vision. This change can be so subtle that it’s easy to miss, especially in the early stages.
Sudden vision changes
A sudden decrease in vision, such as blurred or dimmed sight, can indicate acute angle-closure glaucoma. This form of this condition progresses rapidly and requires immediate medical attention.
Severe eye pain
Intense eye pain is a hallmark symptom of angle-closure glaucoma. If you experience sharp pain in one or both eyes, it’s crucial to see a specialist right away.
Halos around lights
Noticing halos or rainbow-like rings around lights is a common sign of elevated eye pressure, which can be linked to this condition.
Redness in the eye
Persistent redness in one or both eyes, especially when accompanied by discomfort or blurred vision, may indicate glaucoma or another eye condition that requires attention.
Nausea and vomiting
If nausea and vomiting occur along with severe eye pain or blurred vision, it could signal acute angle-closure glaucoma. This is a medical emergency.
Family history
Even in the absence of symptoms, those with a family history of this condition should consult an eye specialist regularly. Genetics play a significant role in your risk for developing the condition.
Routine screenings for high-risk individuals
If you fall into a high-risk category, regular eye exams are essential. Those most at risk include:
- People over 40, as the risk of glaucoma increases with age.
- Individuals with a family history of glaucoma.
- Those with medical conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure, or near-sightedness.
- Individuals of African, Asian, or Hispanic descent, as these groups have a higher predisposition to glaucoma.
Eye exams every 1-2 years are generally recommended, with annual checkups for those at higher risk.
What happens during a glaucoma check-up?
When you visit a specialist, several tests will be conducted to determine whether you have glaucoma:
- Tonometry: Measures eye pressure.
- Optic nerve assessment: Evaluates the health of the optic nerve.
- Visual field test: Detects blind spots in your peripheral vision.
- Gonioscopy: Examines the drainage angle in your eye to classify the type of glaucoma.
If glaucoma is detected, treatments such as medicated eye drops, laser procedures, or surgery can help manage the condition and slow its progression.
Why early detection matters
The earlier glaucoma is diagnosed, the better the outcome. Routine screenings and prompt action when symptoms arise are your best defences against vision loss. If you experience any of the warning signs, don’t wait, schedule an appointment with a specialist immediately.
Conclusion
Glaucoma can be a life-altering condition, but early detection and timely treatment make a significant difference. Whether you notice subtle changes in your vision or dramatic symptoms like eye pain and halos around lights, don’t ignore the signs.
If you are at higher risk or haven’t had a recent eye exam, make it a priority to see an eye care professional. Your vision is invaluable, taking action today can protect your sight for years to come.
Book in for your consultation here with Mr Vik Sharma, Consultant Ophthalmologist at LondonOC.